Cumulative impacts of seabed trawl disturbance on benthic biomass, production, and species richness in different habitats

نویسنده

  • J. G. Hiddink
چکیده

Bottom trawling causes widespread disturbance of sediments in shelf seas and can have a negative impact on benthic fauna. We conducted a large-scale assessment of bottom trawl fishing of benthic fauna in different habitats, using a theoretical, size-based model that included habitat features. Species richness was estimated based on a generalized body mass versus species richness relationship. The model was validated by sampling 33 stations subject to a range of trawling intensities in four shallow, soft sediment areas in the North Sea. Both the model and the field data demonstrated that trawling reduced biomass, production, and species richness. The impacts of trawling were greatest in areas with low levels of natural disturbance, while the impact of trawling was small in areas with high rates of natural disturbance. For the North Sea, the model showed that the bottom trawl fleet reduced benthic biomass and production by 56% and 21%, respectively, compared with an unfished situation. Because of the many simplifications and assumptions required to synthesize these data, additional work is required to refine the model and evaluate applicability in other geographic areas. Our model enables managers to understand the consequences of altering the distribution of fishing activities on benthic production and hence on food web processes. Résumé : Le chalutage de fond cause une perturbation générale des sédiments sur les plates-formes marines et peut avoir un impact négatif sur la faune benthique. Nous avons évalué sur une grande échelle les effets de la pêche au chalut de fond sur la faune benthique dans des habitats différents à l’aide d’un modèle théorique basé sur la taille qui inclut des caractéristiques du milieu. Nous avons estimé la richesse spécifique en nous basant sur une relation entre la masse corporelle généralisée et la richesse spécifique. Le modèle a pu être validé par l’échantillonnage de 33 stations soumises à des intensités diverses de chalutage dans quatre régions à sédiments mous de la mer du Nord. Tant le modèle que les données de terrain montrent que le chalutage réduit la biomasse, la production et la richesse en espèces. L’impact du chalutage est maximal dans les zones à perturbations naturelles peu importantes et faible dans les zones de fortes perturbations naturelles. Dans la mer du Nord, le modèle prédit que la flotte de chalutage de fond réduit la biomasse et la production benthiques respectivement de 56 % et de 21 %, par comparaison aux zones non soumises à la pêche. Puisqu’il a fallu faire de nombreuses simplifications et présuppositions afin de synthétiser ces données, il faudra beaucoup de travail additionnel pour raffiner le modèle et pour vérifier s’il s’applique à d’autres régions géographiques. Notre modèle permet aux gestionnaires de comprendre les conséquences du changement des répartitions des activités de pêche sur la production du benthos et, par conséquent, sur les processus du réseau alimentaire. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hiddink et al. 736

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تاریخ انتشار 2006